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Verb Patterns, Present Continuous y Past Simple

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Página teórica de gramática: patrones verbales, presente continuo y pasado simple. No hay ejercicios que resolver.

📚 theory ingles ⭐⭐ Dificultad 2/5 ⏱ 8 min lectura

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Inglés – Séptimo Básico | Student’s Book MINEDUC – Descargar PDF · 2024

Página de teoría gramatical

Esta página es un apéndice de gramática. No contiene ejercicios para resolver, sino explicaciones y tablas de referencia. A continuación se explica y ejemplifica cada sección.

Verb Patterns (Patrones verbales)

Verbo + -ing o to + base:

like / love / hate / prefer + -ing: I like hanging out with friends.
like / love / hate / prefer + to + base: I like to hang out with friends.

Nota: al expresar gustos y disgustos se usa normalmente la forma -ing.

Verbo + -ing:

enjoy / can't stand + -ing: I enjoy watching TV for hours. / I can't stand watching TV for hours.

Verbo + base (sin to):

would rather + base: I would rather be rollerblading in the park.

Verbo + to + base:

would like / would prefer + to + base: I would like to go to the movies.

Present Continuous (Presente continuo)

Uso: describe una acción que ocurre en este momento o alrededor de este momento.

This year, they are playing basketball for the school team.

Forma: presente simple del verbo to be + participio presente (-ing).

Afirmativo y negativo:

Sujeto	Verbo to be	Ejemplo
I	am (I'm) / am not (I'm not)	I am wearing a cap.
He / She / It	is (He's/She's/It's) / is not (isn't)	She is wearing a cap.
We / You / They	are (We're/You're/They're) / are not (aren't)	They are wearing a cap.

Preguntas:

Wh-	to be	Sujeto	Complemento
What	is	he / she / it	learning in other school subjects?
What	are	we / you / they	learning in other school subjects?
What	am	I	learning in other school subjects?

Respuestas cortas:

Are you going swimming this weekend? → Yes, I am. / No, I am (I'm) not.
Is she going swimming this weekend? → Yes, she is. / No, she is not (isn't).

Past Simple (Pasado simple)

Uso:

Acción terminada en el pasado: It rained a lot.
Secuencia de eventos pasados: I came home and collapsed on the sofa.

Forma: la misma para todas las personas.

Reglas de formación:

Regla normal: agregar -ed a la base: rain → rained.
Verbos terminados en -e: agregar -d: observe → observed.
Verbos terminados en consonante + y: eliminar la y y agregar -ied: try → tried.
Verbos terminados en vocal + consonante (una sílaba): duplicar la consonante y agregar -ed: stop → stopped.
Existen muchos verbos irregulares comunes.

Contenido de la página

Verb Patterns

Note: When expressing likes and dislikes, we usually use the -ing form.

Verb + -ing or to + base
like / love / hate / prefer	hanging out with friends / to hang out with friends

Verb + -ing
enjoy / can't stand	watching TV for hours

Verb + base
would rather	be rollerblading in the park

Verb + to + base
would like / would prefer	to go to the movies

Present Continuous

Use

We use the present continuous to describe an action that is going on at or around this moment in time.

This year, they are playing basketball for the school team.

Form

We form the present continuous tense with the present simple of the verb to be plus the present participle (-ing).

Affirmative and Negative

Subject	Verb to be
I	am (I'm) / am not (I'm not)	wearing a cap.
He / She / It	is (He's/She's/It's) / is not (isn't)	wearing a cap.
We / You / They	are (We're/You're/They're) / are not (aren't)	wearing a cap.

Questions

Wh-	to be	Subject
What	is	he / she / it	learning in other school subjects?
What	are	we / you / they	learning in other school subjects?
What	am	I	learning in other school subjects?

Short Answers

Question	Short answer
Are you going swimming this weekend?	Yes, I am. / No, I am (I'm) not.
Is she going swimming this weekend?	Yes, she is. / No, she is not (isn't).

Past Simple

Use

We use the past simple tense to indicate:
1. An action that is now finished. It rained a lot.
2. A sequence of events in the past. I came home and collapsed on the sofa.

Form

The form of the past simple is the same for all persons.
1. The normal rule is to add -ed to the base form of the verb: rain → rained.
2. We add -d to the base form of verbs ending in e: observe → observed.
3. We eliminate the y and add -ied to the base form of verbs ending in a consonant + y: try → tried.
4. We double the consonant and add -ed to verbs ending in a single vowel + consonant: stop → stopped.
5. There are many common irregular verbs.

Ejemplos resueltos

Completa: I like ___ (hang out) with friends.

El verbo like puede ir seguido de -ing o de to + base. Ambas son correctas: I like hanging out with friends. / I like to hang out with friends.

Forma el presente continuo de They / play basketball.

Se usa el presente de to be (are) + participio presente (-ing): They are playing basketball.

Escribe el pasado simple de stop.

Stop termina en vocal + consonante, por lo que se duplica la consonante y se agrega -ed: stopped.

Tablas (7)

Verb + -ing or to + base
like / love / hate / prefer	hanging out with friends / to hang out with friends

Verb + -ing
enjoy / can't stand	watching TV for hours

Verb + base
would rather	be rollerblading in the park

Verb + to + base
would like / would prefer	to go to the movies

Subject	Verb to be
I	am (I'm) / am not (I'm not)	wearing a cap.
He / She / It	is (He's/She's/It's) / is not (isn't)	wearing a cap.
We / You / They	are (We're/You're/They're) / are not (aren't)	wearing a cap.

Wh-	to be	Subject
What	is	he / she / it	learning in other school subjects?
What	are	we / you / they	learning in other school subjects?
What	am	I	learning in other school subjects?

Question	Short answer
Are you going swimming this weekend?	Yes, I am. / No, I am (I'm) not.
Is she going swimming this weekend?	Yes, she is. / No, she is not (isn't).

Glosario (5)

verb pattern: patrón que indica qué forma verbal sigue a un verbo (gerundio, infinitivo o base)
present continuous: tiempo verbal que expresa acciones en curso en el momento actual
past simple: tiempo verbal que expresa acciones terminadas en el pasado
base form: forma base del verbo, sin conjugación ni terminaciones
irregular verb: verbo que no forma el pasado agregando -ed

Preguntas para practicar

¿Cuándo se usa el presente continuo?

Se usa para describir una acción que está ocurriendo en este momento o alrededor de este momento. Por ejemplo: *This year, they are playing basketball for the school team.*

¿Cómo se forma el pasado simple de los verbos regulares?

Se agrega -ed a la forma base; si el verbo termina en -e se agrega solo -d; si termina en consonante + y, se cambia la y por -ied; y si termina en vocal + consonante, se duplica la consonante y se agrega -ed.

Temas y conceptos clave

Verb PatternsPresent ContinuousPast Simpleverb + -ingverb + to + baseverb + basepresente continuopasado simpleverbos regulares e irregulares

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Preguntas que la gente también hace

¿Cuándo se usa el presente continuo en inglés?

Consulta la solución completa arriba o explora el libro entero para temas relacionados.

¿Cómo se forma el pasado simple de los verbos regulares?

Consulta la solución completa arriba o explora el libro entero para temas relacionados.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre like + -ing y like + to + base?

Consulta la solución completa arriba o explora el libro entero para temas relacionados.

📌 Antes de leer esto

• Verbo to be en presente
• Formación del gerundio (-ing)
• Vocabulario básico de actividades y rutinas

Siguiente tema sugerido

Past continuous y contraste con past simple

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Verb Patterns

Note: When expressing likes and dislikes, we usually use the -ing form.

Present Continuous

Use

We use the present continuous to describe an action that is going on at or around this moment in time.

This year, they are playing basketball for the school team.

Form

We form the present continuous tense with the present simple of the verb to be plus the present participle (-ing).

Past Simple

Use

• We use the past simple tense to indicate:

An action that is now finished.

It rained a lot.

A sequence of events in the past.I came home and collapsed on the sofa.

Form

· The form of the past simple is the same for all persons.

The normal rule is to add -ed to the base form of the verb:

rain-rained

We add -d to the base form of verbs ending in e:

observe-observed

We eliminate the y and add -ied to the base form of verbs ending in a consonant + y:try-tried
We double the consonant and add -ed to verbs ending in a single vowel +consonant:

stop-stopped