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Grammar Reference: Past Simple, Sequencing Words y Past Continuous

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Past simple: did/didn't + verbo base. Sequencing: first, next, then, after that, finally. Past continuous: was/were + verbo-ing.

📚 theory ingles ⭐⭐ Dificultad 2/5 ⏱ 8 min lectura

Solución — Página 71

Inglés – Séptimo Básico | Student’s Book MINEDUC – Descargar PDF · 2024

Paso 1: Past Simple — Affirmative

Se usa el verbo en pasado (regular con -ed o irregular) para todas las personas.

Sujeto	Verbo	Complemento
I / He / She / It / We / You / They	camped	near a stream.

Respuesta orientativa: I camped near a stream. / They camped near a stream.

Paso 2: Past Simple — Negative

Se usa el auxiliar did not (didn't) + verbo en forma base para verbos regulares e irregulares.

$\text{Sujeto} + \text{did not (didn't)} + \text{verbo base}$

Sujeto	Auxiliar	Verbo base	Complemento
I / He / She / It / We / You / They	did not (didn't)	see	him.

Respuesta orientativa: I did not see him. / She didn't see him.

Paso 3: Past Simple — Questions

Se usa el auxiliar did al inicio, el sujeto y el verbo principal siempre en forma base.

$\text{When} + \text{did} + \text{sujeto} + \text{verbo base} + \text{complemento}?$

Wh-	Auxiliar	Sujeto	Verbo base	Complemento
When	did	I / you / he / she / it / we / they	arrive	at Swan Hill?

Respuesta orientativa: When did you arrive at Swan Hill?

Paso 4: Past Simple — Short Answers

Se responde con Yes/No + sujeto + did/didn't.

Pregunta	Respuesta corta
Did you go camping last night?	No, I did not (didn't). / Yes, I did.
Did she feel sad yesterday?	No, she did not (didn't). / Yes, she did.

Respuesta orientativa: Yes, I did. / No, she didn't.

Paso 5: Sequencing Words

Se usan first, then, next, after that, finally para ordenar eventos. Llevan coma después, excepto then.

Ejemplo con Charles Darwin:

First, the Beagle left Plymouth in England on December 27, 1831. Charles Darwin was not a good traveler.
Next, at Chiloé Island in Chile, Darwin saw a volcanic eruption on Mount Osorno.
Then in February 1832, Darwin saw the Brazilian rainforests.
After that, Darwin observed giant turtles on the Galapagos Islands. He even jumped on one's back.
Finally, he published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

Respuesta orientativa: El orden cronológico correcto es: first (salida de Plymouth, 1831), next (Chiloé, erupción del Osorno), then (febrero 1832, selvas de Brasil), after that (tortugas gigantes en Galápagos), finally (publicación en 1859).

Paso 6: Past Continuous — Use

Se usa para acciones largas o en desarrollo en el pasado.

$\text{They were laughing and singing.}$

Respuesta orientativa: Indica acciones con mayor duración en el pasado.

Paso 7: Past Continuous — Form

Se forma con was/were + participio presente (verbo-ing).

$\text{Sujeto} + \text{was/were} + \text{verbo-ing}$

Affirmative and Negative

Sujeto	Auxiliar	Negativo	Verbo-ing	Complemento
I / He / She / It	was	was not (wasn't)	driving	the family home.
We / You / They	were	were not (weren't)	driving	the family home.

Respuesta orientativa: I was driving the family home. / They weren't driving the family home.

Paso 8: Past Continuous — Questions

$\text{Why} + \text{was/were} + \text{sujeto} + \text{verbo-ing} + \text{complemento}?$

Wh-	Auxiliar	Sujeto	Verbo-ing	Complemento
Why	was	I / he / she / it	carrying	Erin?
Why	were	we / you / they	carrying	Erin?

Respuesta orientativa: Why was she carrying Erin? / Why were they carrying Erin?

Paso 9: Past Continuous — Short Answers

Pregunta	Respuesta corta
Were you watching TV yesterday?	Yes, I was. / No, I was not (wasn't).
Was she watching TV yesterday?	No, they were not (weren't). / Yes, they were.

Respuesta orientativa: Yes, I was. / No, they weren't.

Contenido de la página

Grammar Reference

Affirmative

Sujeto	Verbo	Complemento
I / He / She / It / We / You / They	camped	near a stream.

Negative

We use the auxiliary verb did not (didn't) before regular and irregular verbs in the base form to form the negative in the past simple tense.

Sujeto	Auxiliar + verbo	Complemento
I / He / She / It / We / You / They	did not (didn't) see	him.

Questions

We use the auxiliary verb did in questions in the past simple tense. The main verb always stays in the base form.

Wh-	Auxiliar	Sujeto	Verbo base	Complemento
When	did	I / you / he / she / it / we / they	arrive	at Swan Hill?

Short Answers

Pregunta	Respuesta
Did you go camping last night?	No, I did not (didn't). / Yes, I did.
Did she feel sad yesterday?	No, she did not (didn't). / Yes, she did.

Sequencing Words

Use

We use the words first, then, next, after that, finally to establish the order or sequence of events.

First, the Beagle left Plymouth in England on December 27, 1831. Charles Darwin was not a good traveler.

Next, at Chiloé Island in Chile, Darwin saw a volcanic eruption on Mount Osorno.

Then in February 1832, Darwin saw the Brazilian rainforests.

After that, Darwin observed giant turtles on the Galapagos Islands. He even jumped on one's back.

Finally, he published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

Note

We use a comma after: first, next, after that and finally but not after then.

Past Continuous

Use

We use the past continuous tense to indicate longer actions in the past. It indicates actions or activities that have longer duration.

They were laughing and singing.

Form

We form the past continuous tense with the auxiliary was/were + the present participle.

Affirmative and Negative

Sujeto	Auxiliar	Negativo	Verbo-ing	Complemento
I / He / She / It	was	was not (wasn't)	driving	the family home.
We / You / They	were	were not (weren't)	driving	the family home.

Questions

Wh-	Auxiliar	Sujeto	Verbo-ing	Complemento
Why	was	I / he / she / it	carrying	Erin?
Why	were	we / you / they	carrying	Erin?

Short Answers

Pregunta	Respuesta
Were you watching TV yesterday?	Yes, I was. / No, I was not (wasn't).
Was she watching TV yesterday?	No, they were not (weren't). / Yes, they were.

Ejemplos resueltos

Forma el negativo de: He saw him.

Se usa did not (didn't) + verbo base: He did not (didn't) see him.

Forma la pregunta: you / arrive / at Swan Hill

Se usa did + sujeto + verbo base: When did you arrive at Swan Hill?

Ordena: Darwin / Galapagos / giant turtles

After that, Darwin observed giant turtles on the Galapagos Islands.

Forma el past continuous: They / laugh and sing

They were laughing and singing.

Tablas (7)

Sujeto	Verbo	Complemento
I / He / She / It / We / You / They	camped	near a stream.

Sujeto	Auxiliar + verbo	Complemento
I / He / She / It / We / You / They	did not (didn't) see	him.

Wh-	Auxiliar	Sujeto	Verbo base	Complemento
When	did	I / you / he / she / it / we / they	arrive	at Swan Hill?

Pregunta	Respuesta
Did you go camping last night?	No, I did not (didn't). / Yes, I did.
Did she feel sad yesterday?	No, she did not (didn't). / Yes, she did.

Sujeto	Auxiliar	Negativo	Verbo-ing	Complemento
I / He / She / It	was	was not (wasn't)	driving	the family home.
We / You / They	were	were not (weren't)	driving	the family home.

Wh-	Auxiliar	Sujeto	Verbo-ing	Complemento
Why	was	I / he / she / it	carrying	Erin?
Why	were	we / you / they	carrying	Erin?

Pregunta	Respuesta
Were you watching TV yesterday?	Yes, I was. / No, I was not (wasn't).
Was she watching TV yesterday?	No, they were not (weren't). / Yes, they were.

Diagrama

timeline
    title Secuencia de eventos de Charles Darwin
    1831 : First, the Beagle left Plymouth
    1832 : Next, volcanic eruption at Chiloé Island
    1832 : Then, Brazilian rainforests
    1835 : After that, giant turtles in Galapagos
    1859 : Finally, published On the Origin of Species

Fórmulas y ecuaciones

Past simple negative: did not (didn't) + verbo base

Past simple question: did + sujeto + verbo base

Past continuous: was/were + verbo-ing

$\text{Sujeto}$ + $\text{did not (didn't)}$ + $\text{verbo base}$

$\text{When}$ + $\text{did}$ + $\text{sujeto}$ + $\text{verbo base}$ + $\text{complemento}$ ?

$\text{Sujeto}$ + $\text{was/were}$ + $\text{verbo-ing}$

$\text{Why}$ + $\text{was/were}$ + $\text{sujeto}$ + $\text{verbo-ing}$ + $\text{complemento}$ ?

Glosario (5)

auxiliary verb: Verbo auxiliar que ayuda a formar tiempos verbales (did, was, were).
base form: Forma base del verbo, sin conjugación (see, arrive, camp).
present participle: Participio presente, forma del verbo terminada en -ing.
sequencing words: Palabras que ordenan eventos: first, then, next, after that, finally.
short answer: Respuesta corta afirmativa o negativa con auxiliar.

Preguntas para practicar

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre past simple y past continuous?

El past simple expresa acciones terminadas y puntuales, mientras que el past continuous describe acciones en desarrollo o de mayor duración en el pasado. A menudo se combinan: una acción larga en past continuous es interrumpida por una acción corta en past simple.

¿Por qué se usa coma después de *first, next, after that* y *finally*, pero no después de *then*?

Por convención ortográfica del inglés, los conectores de secuencia que abren o cierran una enumeración llevan coma. *Then* funciona como adverbio de transición breve y normalmente no la requiere.

Temas y conceptos clave

Past simpleSequencing wordsPast continuousAuxiliar did/didn'tVerbo en forma baseWas/were + participio presenteConectores de secuenciaComa después de conectores

Fuentes y referencias

Ministerio de Educación de Chile (MINEDUC), Student's Book Inglés 7º Básico

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¿Qué son las sequencing words y cómo se usan?

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📌 Antes de leer esto

• Verbo to be en presente y pasado
• Formación del presente continuo
• Verbos regulares e irregulares en pasado

Siguiente tema sugerido

Past simple vs. past continuous: acciones interrumpidas

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Grammar Reference

Negative

We use the auxiliary verb did not (didn't)before regular and irregular verbs in the base form to form the negative in the past simple tense.

Questions

questions in the past simple tense. The main verb always stays in the base form.

Sequencing Words

Use

We use the words first, then, next, after that, finally to establish the order or sequence of events.

First, the Beagle left Plymouth in England on December 27, 1831. Charles Darwin was not a good traveler.

Next, at Chiloé Island in Chile, Darwin saw a volcanic eruption on Mount Osmo.

Then in February 1832, Darwin saw the Brazilian rainforests.

After that, Darwin observed giant turtles on the Galapagos Islands. He even jumped on one's back.

Finally, he published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

Note:

We use a comma after: first, next, after that and finally but not after then.

Past Continuous

Use

We use the past continuous tense to indicate longer actions in the past. It indicates actions or activities that have longer duration.

They were laughing and singing.

Form

· We form the past continuous tense with the auxiliary was/were + the present participle.

Affirmative

I He/She/It We You They

camped near a stream.

1 He/She/It We You They

did not (didn't) see him.

We use the auxiliary verb did in

When did	1 you he/she/it we they
			arrive at Swan Hill!?

Short Answers

Did you go camping last night?	No, I did not (didn't). Yes, I did.
Did she feel sad yesterday?	No, she did not (didn't). Yes, she did.

Affirmative and Negative

I He She It	was was not (wasn't)	driving the family home.
We You They	were were not (weren't)	driving the family home.

Questions

Why	was	I he she it	carrying Erin?
	were	we you they

Short Answers

Were you watching TV yesterday?	Yes, I was. No, I was not (wasn't).
Was she watching TV yesterday?	No, they were not (weren't). Yes, they were.

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