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Grammar Reference

Negative

We use the auxiliary verb did not (didn't)before regular and irregular verbs in the base form to form the negative in the past simple tense.

Questions

questions in the past simple tense. The main verb always stays in the base form.

Sequencing Words

Use

We use the words first, then, next, after that, finally to establish the order or sequence of events.

First, the Beagle left Plymouth in England on December 27, 1831. Charles Darwin was not a good traveler.

Next, at Chiloé Island in Chile, Darwin saw a volcanic eruption on Mount Osmo.

Then in February 1832, Darwin saw the Brazilian rainforests.

After that, Darwin observed giant turtles on the Galapagos Islands. He even jumped on one's back.

Finally, he published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

Note:

We use a comma after: first, next, after that and finally but not after then.

Past Continuous

Use

We use the past continuous tense to indicate longer actions in the past. It indicates actions or activities that have longer duration.

They were laughing and singing.

Form

· We form the past continuous tense with the auxiliary was/were + the present participle.

Affirmative

I He/She/It We You They

camped near a stream.

1 He/She/It We You They

did not (didn't) see him.

We use the auxiliary verb did in

When did	1 you he/she/it we they
			arrive at Swan Hill!?

Short Answers

Did you go camping last night?	No, I did not (didn't). Yes, I did.
Did she feel sad yesterday?	No, she did not (didn't). Yes, she did.

Affirmative and Negative

I He She It	was was not (wasn't)	driving the family home.
We You They	were were not (weren't)

Questions

Why	was	I he she it	carrying Erin?
	were	we you they

Short Answers

Were you watching TV yesterday?	Yes, I was. No, I was not (wasn't).
Was she watching TV yesterday?	No, they were not (weren't). Yes, they were.

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Appendix