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Grammar Reference: Expressing Preference, First Conditional y Make & Do

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Preferencias: verbo + -ing o verbo + to + infinitivo (enjoy/mind solo -ing). First conditional: What/How + will + sujeto + verbo + if + presente simple. Make = crear/construir; Do = actividades generales.

📚 theory ingles ⭐⭐ Dificultad 2/5 ⏱ 5 min lectura

Solución — Página 71

Inglés – Octavo Básico | Student’s Book MINEDUC – Descargar PDF · 2024

Página de referencia gramatical (Grammar Reference)

Esta página no contiene ejercicios para resolver; es una sección de consulta con tres cuadros gramaticales. A continuación se explica y ejemplifica cada uno.

Expressing Preference (Expresar preferencias)

Se pueden usar dos estructuras equivalentes:

Verbo + verbo en forma -ing: like, love, don't/doesn't like, hate, enjoy, don't/doesn't mind.
Verbo + to + verbo en infinitivo: like, love, don't/doesn't like, hate.

Con like, love, hate ambas formas son correctas: She likes dancing = She likes to dance.
Con enjoy y mind solo se usa la forma -ing: They enjoy playing in the park.
La tercera persona singular agrega -s al verbo principal: She likes, He hates.

Respuesta orientativa: Ambas estructuras expresan preferencia; enjoy y mind solo aceptan la forma -ing.

First Conditional (Primer condicional)

Estructura de preguntas: What/How + will + sujeto + verbo + if + presente simple?

La cláusula con if va en presente simple: if global warming affects your health.
La cláusula principal usa will + verbo base: What will you do.
El orden puede invertirse sin cambiar el significado.

Respuesta orientativa: Se usa para preguntar por consecuencias futuras de una condición posible.

Make & Do

Verbo	Uso	Ejemplos de colocaciones
Make	Crear o construir algo	a decision, friends, a prediction, the bed, money, a mistake, lunch, breakfast, dinner
Do	Actividades generales; suele ir con something, nothing, anything, everything	exercise, an exam, someone a favor, homework, the laundry, research, a job, housework

Make implica resultado o creación: She makes friends easily.
Do implica realizar una actividad: I do the laundry on weekends.

Respuesta orientativa: Make se usa cuando se crea o construye algo; do para actividades generales o tareas.

Contenido de la página

Grammar Reference

Expressing Preference

Verb + verb ing form	Verb + to + verb infinitive
like – love – don't / doesn't like – hate – enjoy – don't / doesn't mind	like – love – don't / doesn't like – hate
Examples: She likes dancing. I love watching movies. They enjoy playing in the park.	Examples: She likes to dance. I love to watch movies. He hates to wake up early.

First Conditional

Questions
What	will	you do	if	global warming affects your health?
How		we survive		we don't look after our resources?

Make & Do

Use			Example
We use 'make' when we create or construct something.	Make	a decision, friends, a prediction, the bed, money, a mistake, lunch, breakfast, dinner, etc.	- She makes friends easily. - Could you please make the bed before you leave the house?
We use 'do' for general activities. In this case, 'do' is often used with 'something', 'nothing', 'anything' or 'everything'	Do	exercise, an exam, someone a favor, homework, the laundry, research, a job, housework, etc.	- I do the laundry on weekends. - Could you do me a favor?

70 | Appendix

Ejemplos resueltos

She likes dancing. / She likes to dance.

Ambas oraciones son correctas: con like se puede usar verbo + -ing o verbo + to + infinitivo sin cambio de significado.

They enjoy playing in the park.

Con enjoy solo se usa la forma -ing; no es correcto They enjoy to play.

What will you do if global warming affects your health?

Pregunta en primer condicional: What + will + sujeto + verbo base + if + presente simple.

She makes friends easily. / I do the laundry on weekends.

Make se usa para crear o construir (friends); do para actividades generales (the laundry).

Tablas (3)

Verb + verb ing form	Verb + to + verb infinitive
like – love – don't / doesn't like – hate – enjoy – don't / doesn't mind	like – love – don't / doesn't like – hate
She likes dancing. I love watching movies. They enjoy playing in the park.	She likes to dance. I love to watch movies. He hates to wake up early.

Questions
What	will	you do	if	global warming affects your health?
How		we survive		we don't look after our resources?

Use			Example
We use 'make' when we create or construct something.	Make	a decision, friends, a prediction, the bed, money, a mistake, lunch, breakfast, dinner, etc.	- She makes friends easily. - Could you please make the bed before you leave the house?
We use 'do' for general activities. In this case, 'do' is often used with 'something', 'nothing', 'anything' or 'everything'	Do	exercise, an exam, someone a favor, homework, the laundry, research, a job, housework, etc.	- I do the laundry on weekends. - Could you do me a favor?

Glosario (7)

preference: preferencia; lo que alguien prefiere o le gusta más
gerund (-ing form): forma verbal terminada en -ing que funciona como sustantivo
infinitive: forma base del verbo, generalmente precedida por to
first conditional: condicional real que expresa una condición posible y su consecuencia futura
collocation: combinación habitual de palabras, como make a decision o do homework
make: verbo que indica crear, construir o producir algo
do: verbo que indica realizar actividades generales o tareas

Preguntas para practicar

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre usar verbo + -ing y verbo + to + infinitivo?

Con like, love y hate ambas formas son equivalentes. Con enjoy y mind solo se usa la forma -ing. La elección depende del verbo principal y no cambia el significado en los casos permitidos.

¿Cómo se estructura una pregunta en primer condicional?

Se usa What o How + will + sujeto + verbo base + if + presente simple. La cláusula con if expresa la condición y la principal la consecuencia futura.

¿Cuándo se usa make y cuándo do?

Make se usa cuando se crea o construye algo, como make a decision o make friends. Do se usa para actividades generales o tareas, como do homework o do the laundry.

Temas y conceptos clave

Expressing PreferenceFirst ConditionalMake & DoVerbo + verbo en -ingVerbo + to + infinitivoPreguntas en primer condicionalColocaciones con makeColocaciones con do

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Preguntas que la gente también hace

¿Cuándo se usa el verbo en -ing y cuándo el infinitivo con to en inglés?

Consulta la solución completa arriba o explora el libro entero para temas relacionados.

¿Cómo se forman las preguntas en primer condicional?

Consulta la solución completa arriba o explora el libro entero para temas relacionados.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre make y do en inglés?

Consulta la solución completa arriba o explora el libro entero para temas relacionados.

📌 Antes de leer esto

• Presente simple y tercera persona singular
• Uso básico del auxiliar will
• Vocabulario de actividades cotidianas

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Segundo condicional y condicionales mixtos

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Grammar Reference

Expressing Preference

Verb + verb ing form	Verb + to + verb infinitive
like -love - don't/ doesn't like- hate -enjoy-don't / doesn't mind	like -love - don't / doesn't like -hate
Examples: She likes dancing.	Examples: She likes to dance.
I love watching movies. They enjoy playing in the park.	I love to watch movies.
	He hates to wake up early.

First Conditional

Questions
What	will	you do	if	global warming affects your health?
How		we survive		we don't look after our resources?

Make & Do

Use	Make	a decision, friends, a prediction, the bed, money, a mistake, lunch, breakfast, dinner, etc.	Example
We use'make' when we create or construct something.	Make		- She makes friends easily. - Could you please make the bed before you leave the house?
We use'do'for general activities. In this case,'do' is often used with'something' 'nothing''anything' or'everything'	Do	exercise, an exam, someone a favor, homework, the laundry, research, a job, housework, etc.	- I do the laundry on weekends. - Could you do me a favor?

Appendix

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