Lectura

FOR EXAMPLE (Imperativos)

• Raise your hand before speaking.
• Always listen respectfully to others.
• Don't interrupt when someone else is talking.

Modal verbs, such as "should," "must," "have to," "need to," and "can," are used to express necessity, obligation, or permission. They are commonly used to transmit social norms or rules in a more polite or nuanced way.

FOR EXAMPLE (Modales)

• You should always be respectful to your classmates.
• Students must follow the classroom rules.
• We ought to listen to the teacher's instructions.
• You need to raise your hand before speaking.
• You can't talk in class without permission.

Project

Create some rules or norms for the class or the school that can help have better relationships with others. Present it to the class and teacher and use your creativity to draw or write the new rules.

Create some rules or norms for the class or the school that can help have better relationships with others. Present it to the class and teacher and use your creativity to draw or write the new rules.

1. Lluvia de ideas: identifica problemas comunes en el aula que requieren normas.
2. Redacta 5-8 reglas usando imperativos y modales (should, must, can't).
3. Diseña visualmente la lista de reglas (cartel, infografía, dibujo).
4. Presenta el resultado a la clase y al docente.

Ejemplo 1

Convertir un imperativo en una norma con modal.

1. Imperativo: 'Raise your hand before speaking.'
2. Con modal: 'You need to raise your hand before speaking.'

Preguntas abiertas

Respuesta orientativa: 'Should' sugiere o recomienda; 'must' indica obligación fuerte o no negociable.

Diagrama 1

Clasificación de verbos modales según función comunicativa en reglas.

classDiagram
  class Modal
  Modal <|-- Obligation
  Modal <|-- Recommendation
  Modal <|-- Permission
  Obligation : must
  Obligation : have to
  Obligation : need to
  Recommendation : should
  Recommendation : ought to
  Permission : can
  Permission : can't

Tablas

Glosario

• must: Modal de obligación fuerte ('debe').
• have to: Indica obligación derivada de una circunstancia externa.
• ought to: Modal que expresa deber moral, similar a 'should'.
• can't: Forma negativa de 'can'; expresa prohibición o incapacidad.
• nuanced: Matizado/a; con sutileza.

Fuentes

• Fuente de la imagen de la mujer con la lista de reglas.
• Fuente de la imagen de la docente.