Lectura

THE INCAS

Verbos a usar (Simple Past): be (×3), begin, believe, bring, build, think, have, appear

The Inca civilization ______ one of the most dominant and advanced civilizations in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans. Here are some interesting facts about the Inca civilization:

The Inca Empire, also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, ______ the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.

The Inca civilization ______ in the Peruvian mountains sometime in the early 13th century. The Spanish ______ the invasion of the Inca Empire in 1532 and by 1572, the last Inca state was fully conquered.

The Inca people ______ famous for building amazing things, like Machu Picchu. What's interesting is they didn't use wheels or metal tools to build it.

The Inca religion ______ different ideas about gods and nature. They believed in many gods. The most important one was Inti, who was like the sun. They also ______ in Viracocha, a god who made things and was a hero, and Apu Illapu, a god who brought rain.

The Inca people had their own beliefs about gods and nature. They ______ the sun was the most important god, and they also believed in a god who created things and a god who ______ rain.

Respuestas sugeridas (clave del docente)

1. was (be) — The Inca civilization was one of the most dominant...
2. was (be) — also known as ... was the largest empire...
3. appeared / began — The Inca civilization appeared/began in the Peruvian mountains...
4. began — The Spanish began the invasion in 1532...
5. were (be) — The Inca people were famous for building...
6. had — The Inca religion had different ideas about gods...
7. believed — They also believed in Viracocha...
8. thought — They thought the sun was the most important god...
9. brought — a god who brought rain.

Completar el texto de los Incas con la forma en Simple Past de los verbos del cuadro: be ×3, begin, believe, bring, build, think, have, appear.

1. Recordar las formas irregulares: be → was/were; begin → began; believe → believed (regular); bring → brought; build → built; think → thought; have → had; appear → appeared (regular).
2. Releer cada espacio y elegir el verbo según el sentido y la concordancia.

Ejemplo 1

Conjugar 'be' en Simple Past para sujetos singular y plural.

1. Singular (it, the civilization): was.
2. Plural (the people): were.

Diagrama 1

Verbos del cuadro y sus formas en Simple Past

classDiagram
  class VerbosRegulares {
    believe -> believed
    appear -> appeared
  }
  class VerbosIrregulares {
    be -> was/were
    begin -> began
    bring -> brought
    build -> built
    think -> thought
    have -> had
  }

Tablas

Glosario

• Inca: Civilización originaria de los Andes; su imperio fue el más extenso de la América precolombina.
• pre-Columbian: Anterior a la llegada de Colón (precolombino).
• Machu Picchu: Ciudad inca construida en lo alto de los Andes peruanos.
• Inti: Dios sol de la religión inca.
• Viracocha: Dios creador inca, héroe cultural.
• Apu Illapu: Dios inca del trueno y la lluvia.
• conquered: Conquistado (pasado de 'conquer').

Fuentes

• Fuente de la ilustración.
• Fuente de la fotografía de Machu Picchu.